In the early stages of learning a language, children find out how to respond and use simple words, phrases and questions. They tune into the pronunciation of words and intonation that is used. Children may also compare the language to English or other languages they are familiar with in order to help them learn.

Children at Key Stage 2 may be encouraged to use the sounds of the language learned in writing. They may be taught simple grammar and how to apply these when writing in the language being learned.

Children at Key Stage 2 develop intercultural understanding. They learn about other countries and cultures linked to the modern foreign language being studied. Children can consider their own country and culture, making comparisons.

At Key Stage 2, learning another language can reinforce and develop knowledge, skills and understanding in other areas of the curriculum. For example, developing listening skills as part of the National Curriculum for English. There are opportunities in mathematical areas when children learn to count, tell the time and give the date in a modern foreign language, for instance.